Includes bibliographical references (pages xvi-xxxviii) and indexes.

Authorship and the text-critical issues in chapter 16 -- Integrity -- Date -- Audience -- Structure and rhetoric -- Language, style, and intertextuality -- 1.1-7 -- 1.8-15 -- 1.16-17 -- 1.18-32 : the unbearable likeness -- 2.1-16 : critique of a judgmental Gentile hypocrite -- 2.17-3.20 : censoring a censorious Jewish teacher -- 3.21-31 : the manifestation of the righteousness of God apart from the law -- 4.1-25 : Abraham as forefather of all the "righteous" by faith -- 5.1-11 : the results of rectification -- 5.12-21 : from first Adam to last (a comparison) -- Shall sin, death, and the law continue now that Christ has come? -- 6.1-14 : shall we go on sinning so that grace may increase? -- 6.15-7.6 : slaves to righteousness -- 7.7-13 : retelling Adam's tale -- 7.14-25 : Adam's lost race -- 8.1-17 : life in the spirit; that was then, this is now -- 8.18-39 : life in Christ in glory -- 9.1-11.36 : God's justice and Israel's future -- 12.1-21 : living sacrifices and loving service -- 13.1-14 : taxing situations and the debt of love -- 14.1-15.13 : the weak and the strong and what goes wrong -- 15.14-21 : the knowledge and apostle of the Gentiles -- 15.22-33 : travel plans, apostolic parousia, peroratio -- 16.1-27.

Witherington gleans fresh insights from reading the text of Paul's epistle in light of early Jewish theology, the historical situation of Rome in the middle of first century A.D., and Paul's own rhetorical concerns.